It is a medical device capable of recording the activated electrical activity of the heart, by the use of electrodes not only records the impulses of the heart, but amplifies them, the result of this continuous record is called electrocardiogram and is a paper where it is reflected through positive and negative waves that goes marking the electrocardiograph through the electrodes, which connect the patient in the upper and lower extremities and in six precordial positions.
To obtain a correct reading of the potential recorded by the electrocardiograph should be amplified, isolate and filter voltage levels, interference and noises, so electrodes of biopotential records are used and placed in points of interest, we have for precordial leads two types of electrodes, are adhesive and suction electrodes, for front leads are used plate electrodes.
Parts of an electrocardiograph
We present the parts of a normal electrocardiograph, which has simple equipment available on the market:
- Protection circuit, calibration signal, preamp, insulation circuit and amplifier driver: biopotentials amplifier system.
- Right leg circuit: it aims to create an active earth isolated from the electrical earth of the circuit in the patient’s right leg in order to ensure patient safety and reduce the voltages it receives.
- Bypass selector: is a module that weighs the contribution of each electrode through resistors and connects to a biopotentials amplification system.
- Memory System: It allows you to store the wave signal before you print the electrocardiogram, as well as store the data that you enter using the digital keyboard.
- Microcontroller: this component controls each procedure performed by the electrocardiograph.
- Registrar: its function is to print the signal that the electrodes pick up, that is, the result of the electrocardiogram on paper.
How an electrocardiograph works
The spectrum in electrocardiographic signal frequencies commonly has no components above 60 Hz in normal patients, so considers a working bandwidth between 0.05 and 150 Hz suitable for electrocardiographers; It then consists of a series of electrodes that are installed in the patient’s skin in areas such as the chest region and extremities; as we already established through them it captures and amplifies the electrical activity of the heart.
However, the patient must be prepared before the electrodes are connected, starting with the patient not wearing any metal objects or jewelry, the socks and pants are removed, the thoracic area and limbs must be cleaned, removing the hair, then the patient lies down and the electrocardiograph is prepared, the electrodes are placed on the patient, currently electrodes are used in the form of adhesive and the study is carried out.
Uses and advantages of the electrocardiograph
This equipment is mostly used to know if there is any damage in the heart, if there is an anomaly in the size or position of the heart and effects of drugs in it, so it is indispensable to use them in health centers such as hospitals and clinics, ambulances, as you can identify common heart problems, cardiac arrhythmias, injuries in the heart.
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