An infusion pump is modern medical equipment that works by producing mechanical pressure in order to move fluids through a tube into the patient’s vascular system, allowing fluids to be administered with more precision.
These teams play a key role within any operating room, especially in the induction and maintenance of total intravenous anesthesia, but also in the administration of necessary medication to the patient while in the operating room.
What are the benefits of using infusion pumps?
- They allow greater accuracy in the drip rate than gravity systems through a flow regulating clamp.
- They save time for the nursing staff, since with the use of the pumps it is not necessary to regulate the drip flow.
- They allow all types of solutions, blood and its derivatives, drugs and parenteral and enteral infusions to be administered. Adaptable to the needs of the patient, some of them are portable.
How the infusion pumps work
Infusion pumps can be classified according to flow control into volumetric, flowmeter and syringe.
The volumetric equipment is the one that controls the liquid to be transfused in volume per unit of time, by means of programming the flow rate, by the operator, except in the case of syringe pumps.
The flowmeter or drop by drop is one in which the flow rate is also controlled by the operator, however the control of the transfused volume is carried out by counting the drops per unit of time by means of an electronic sensor.
Syringe kits are those in which the volume administered to the patient is stored by means of one or more syringes, and the plunger of the syringe is pushed by a mobile piston controlled by the equipment; the selection of the flow rate is made by the operator and is indicated in volume per unit of time on the equipment.
With the exception of syringe infusion pumps, the other equipment works essentially by peristaltic and piston mechanism.
The peristaltic mechanism consists of the transfusion of the liquid by means of the crushing of a part of the equipment through which the liquid passes and it can be executed by two methods: linear peristaltic and rotation; These are distinguished in the type of movement exerted on the equipment in undulatory and compression movements in a linear plate or rotating pulley, respectively, resulting in that the liquid is propelled from the reservoir bottle with solution to be transfused through the venous network of the patient. .
The piston / cassette mechanism consists of transfusion by means of piston actuation. These teams have cameras generally located in the middle of the teams. The piston, once actuated, moves in and out of cylinders contained in the chambers; the internal movement propels the liquid in the direction of the patient, while the external one draws the liquid from the reservoir bottle to fill the chamber.
Additionally, there may be diaphragms mounted on movable pistons inserted in the chamber. The engine transmits a movement to the pistons entering and leaving the reservoirs, compressing the silicone diaphragmatic membranes, which carry out filling and emptying. When the pistons enter, the liquid is propelled towards the patient and, when the piston leaves, the aspiration of liquid occurs from the container that contains it, filling the reservoirs of the chamber again.
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