A patient monitor is a medical equipment that allows monitoring the vital signs of patients who are in critical condition and must be subjected to constant surveillance by health personnel, in case there is any alteration in their values; The vital signs that are recorded with this equipment are: heart rate (ECG), respiratory rate (RR), non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), pulse (PR), oxygen saturation (SPO2), temperature (TEM), CO2 and invasive blood pressure (PAI).
Patient monitors should be employed by trained health professionals; that they know how to interpret the signs that are read on the screen and know how to distinguish the alarms that warn them of any alteration in the vital signs; This is very important because the life of a patient can depend on the interpretation and rapid analysis. The values can be viewed on the monitor screen; both graphs and numbers should be seen with the naked eye for better and easy viewing by medical personnel.
These teams can be configured manually; establish parameters in the values and place alarms that give warnings when these parameters go beyond what is established as normal values. They record and save data in the event of an arrhythmia; they save the graphs of the electroencephalograms; for further analysis and interpretations. Some monitors are preconfigured at the factory and cannot be modified; but the modular monitors if you can configure the parameters.
Patient monitors can be programmed in such a way that the ECG (electrocardiogram) graph is viewed; to read BP alterations (invasive and non-invasive); oxygen saturation in the blood; body temperature; intracranial pressure and other values for which it has been configured.
Parameters that are read on a patient monitor
- Respiratory rate: It is one of the most noticeable vital signs, it is simply a matter of counting the number of times that a person inspires / exhales per minute.
- Blood pressure: It is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. When blood pressure is measured, two figures are recorded. The highest called systolic pressure and indicates the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood to the body. The lowest figure represents the diastolic pressure, which denotes the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and filling with blood. They are measured in millimeters of mercury mmHg.
- The blood pressure reading uses two numbers. Generally, the systolic number is placed before or above the diastolic number. For example, 120/80 means that you have a systolic pressure of 120 and a diastolic pressure of 80.
- Heart rate: It is the rhythm or regularity with which the heartbeat occurs, generally they are two sounds and must be rhythmic and regular, occurring 60 to 100 times in a minute, the latter is called the heart rate. The heart rhythm has two phases: One consists of the filling of the heart and is called diastole, the other refers to the phase of expulsion of the blood called systole.
- Pulse: It refers to the number of heart beats per minute. The pulse measurement provides important information about any cardiac alteration, and therefore indications about a possible medical condition, hence in emergency situations the pulse rate can help determine the degree of normality with which the patient’s heart pumps blood.
- Oxygen saturation: It is the amount of oxygen available in the blood. When the heart pumps blood, oxygen binds to red blood cells and is distributed throughout the body. Proper saturation levels cause the body’s cells to receive the correct amount of oxygen.
- Body temperature: Measurement of body temperature can be helpful in identifying a disease. With this, it is also possible to monitor whether any treatment is working properly or not. High temperature corresponds to a fever.
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