An anesthesia machine is medical equipment that is defined as a set of elements that are used to administer medicinal or anesthetic gases to a patient during anesthesia, both in spontaneous and controlled ventilation.
Understanding how an anesthesia machine is constituted is essential for its safe use. An anesthesia system consists of several components that communicate with each other during the administration of inhaled anesthesia. Components include the anesthesia machine, vaporizers, and respiratory system.
Components of an anesthesia machine
They are devices that measure the amount of gas in motion. The mechanism of action depends on the laws of passage of the liquids in tubes. They are generally graduated in ml / min and l / min and there are flowmeters for air, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. The first flowmeters were simple faucet-style shut-off valves. They are identified by internationally known colors (green O2, blue N2O and air yellow).
Valves
They are movable mechanisms to open or close a passage of a fluid. They are devices used to start or maintain the flow of a gas and to regulate the amount of gas.
Yokes
They are devices that are used to fix the gas cylinders to the anesthesia machine or to the regulator. They have shapes of circular or rectangular metal clips, with adjustable zipper.
Pressure gauges
It is a team that is responsible for measuring the tension of aeriform fluids. Two pressure gauges are usually included in the cylinder regulator. One measures the pressure of the gas inside the cylinder. The other pressure gauge records the pressure or work.
It is a device used to reduce the pressure of a gas as it leaves a cylinder at constant and useful pressure. This equipment allows the expansion of compressed gas.
Vaporizers
It is an instrument designed to facilitate the change from a liquid anesthetic to its vapor phase and to supply a controlled amount of this vapor to the flow of gases that reaches the patient. In other words, their objective is to maintain an adjustable vaporization of volatile anesthetics within the desirable anesthetic concentration limits. The vaporizers are located towards the right side of the flowmeters.
One form of vaporization is to pass a gas stream through a container, through a container containing the volatile anesthetic agent. The gas will drag the vapor molecules out of the container, and more molecules will pass from the liquid phase to the vapor phase.
Vaporizers are extremely delicate devices, and require constant maintenance for proper operation of the anesthesia machine. The only way to determine if the vaporizer is working properly is through an anesthetic gas analyzer. This device allows you to determine if the anesthetic concentration obtained in the common gas outlet coincides with that indicated on the vaporizer dial.
The absorption circle
The absorption circle is the most common respiratory system that exists. It consists of eight basic components: fresh gas inlet, inspiratory and expiratory valves, corrugated tubes, “Y” piece, gas relief and diversion valve, breathing bag, soda lime canister and pressure gauge.
Inspiratory and expiratory valves are included in the system to ensure unidirectional flow in the corrugated tubing. Fresh gases enter the circle through a connection to the common outlet of the machine.
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