The microscope is a piece of equipment through which we can observe elements or structures that cannot be observed with the naked eye, through the use of lenses, viewers and light rays, which bring the image closer or larger in convenient scales for examination and subsequent analysis.
Microscopes can be used in different areas, such as
- Clinical laboratories
- Research Laboratories
- Hospitals
- Pharmaceutical industry
- Food industry
- Biological industry
- Schools and Universities
Thanks to the advancement of modern technologies, many types of microscopes have emerged with very specific uses and applications, among the most prominent we can mention:
Phase contrast microscope
This microscope is used to observe cells without coloring, so it is very useful for living cells, since as we well know, fixing and staining them implies their death, which can also damage or change the structure. Its foundation is based on the delay that occurs in light waves when passing through objects of different refractive indices, taking advantage of and amplifying these delays.
Fluorescence microscope
It is a type of microscope that uses fluorescence, this process is based on the property that some substances have of emitting their own light when energetic radiation hits them, that is, the object is illuminated with rays of a certain length wavelength, the molecules absorb it and send light with a longer wavelength; for a correct observation it is necessary to place appropriate filters under the condenser and above the objectives
Stereoscopic microscope
This microscope allows the three-dimensional view of objects, and to achieve this it uses two eyepieces (those that are close to the eye) and two objectives (those that are close to the sample).
Compound luminous field microscope
It is the most common microscope. Used to magnify images of objects that are not visible to the naked eye. In the optical microscope the sample is illuminated by visible light. This means that there is a spot of light pointing towards the sample. That same light is conducted through the objective and the eyepiece until it forms the image in the observer’s eye. This is the most common type of microscope, but its resolution is limited by the diffraction of light. The maximum magnification that can be obtained with this type of microscope reaches around 1500x.
Dark field microscope
In this microscope the light rays do not penetrate directly into the object, but it is illuminated obliquely, in this way the illuminated object scatters the light and becomes visible against the dark background. It is used to analyze transparent and unpigmented biological elements, impossible to see in natural light. To achieve this, the equipment has a condenser that illuminates the object with intense light, but indirectly.
Polarized light microscope
This microscope is also known as a petrographic microscope. This microscope is actually a type of light microscope to which two polarizers have been added. This means that the light wave used to observe the sample has a specific direction of oscillation. It is used to observe crystalline structures of rocks and minerals.
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