Early diagnostic tests for heart disease can detect pathologies before symptoms occur and make the disease treatable. Medical tests may include blood and other fluid tests, genetic testing for genetic markers, electrocardiography, and examinations of the inside of the body. Evaluations are performed as appropriate, i.e. age, sex, family history, diet, pace of life, among others, are taken into account.
The electrocardiogram is an almost mandatory medical study in cardiology control. It is a method in which electrical impulses from the heart are measured and recorded quickly, easily, and painlessly. This technique allows monitoring of operation:
- The sinoatrial or sinus node is the natural pacemaker that activates each heartbeat.
- The nerve conduction pathways of the heart.
- Heart rate and rhythm.
Diagnosis of vascular diseases by electrocardiogram
It is a clinical trial that is done and is part of the normal physical examination. They also do it when they detect a discomfort such as chest pain, choking sensation, palpitations; or some cardiovascular injury such as abnormal heart rhythm or insufficient blood flow.
The electrocardiogram is a graph that studies voltage variations over time. It involves recording in a specially adapted format (millimeter-sized strips of paper) the activity of the electrical current that is developing in the heart and usually does not exceed 30 seconds.
The electrical activity recorded in the examination is observed in the form of a path that presents various wave-type deflections, which correspond to the path of electrical impulses through the different structures of the heart. The interpretation of the same allows us to detect and measure the segments and intervals of the signal. The information it collects is very useful, since through this registry it is possible to diagnose diseases such as arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, angina or infarction.
The patient’s symptomatic context should be evaluated, if necessary with the help of complementary analyzes, because an abnormal result may not necessarily be associated with heart disease. On the other hand, it is due to variations produced by factors such as stress, fatigue and others that modify the parameters of the electrocardiogram. However, these external agents can lead to isolated events and finally end up in cardiovascular disease.
Pathologies that are detected with the electrocardiogram
It is a special tool for detecting heart disease such as hypertrophy or myocardial infarction. In addition, any abnormal results found on the electrocardiogram may be due to any of the following conditions:
- Increased heart volume.
- Arrhythmias.
- Congenital heart disease.
- Myocardial deterioration.
- Imbalances in the amount of calcium, potassium or other substances in the blood.
- Poor blood flow in the arteries.
- Sequelae from a past cardiac arrest.
- Cardiac arrest at the moment.
How is an electrocardiogram done?
- The patient lies on a stretcher with the chest uncovered.
- The technician places a total of ten electrode patches distributed on the chest and sometimes the arms and legs. Of these, six patches are placed in the so-called precordial region, and four patches are placed in the leads on each limb.
- The electrodes are connected to a computer that displays the results or is printed on paper. The procedure can take one to three minutes.
What is an electrocardiograph?
An electrocardiograph is a device that captures, records, and amplifies electrical signals from the heart by using electrodes placed in the precordial positions and on the limbs of the body. The recording of such activity is known as the electrocardiogram. It’s an instrument with many technical qualities. To have a correct reading of the electrical activity at the points of interest, it must amplify, isolate and filter the signal. The working bandwidth range considered suitable for electrocardiogram evaluations is between 0.05 and 150 Hz. Typically, this equipment consists of protection and isolation circuits, signal amplifiers, shunt selector, memory system, microcontroller, screen and printing device. HERE
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